İlk Türk hemşire Safiye Hüseyin ELBİ kimdir?

Ülkemizde Florence  Nightingale denilince hepimizin aklına hemşirelik tarihi gelse de, bu isim kadar değerli ve kendi topraklarımızda yetişmiş korkusuz bir başka isme daha sahibiz. Kahraman hemşire, Safiye Hüseyin ELBİ. Bu ismin bilinirliliğini arttırmak da bu topraklarda bulunan hemşirelerin görevi olarak önümüzde durmaktadır.  Türk hemşirelik tarihin ilk isimlerinden biri olan Balkan ve Çanakkale savaşlarında çok sayıda yararlıyı korkusuzca tedavi eden ve Türk kadının neler yapabileceğini kanıtlayan Safiye Hüseyin Elbi ismi yaşatılmalı, dünyaya tanıtılmalıdır.

 

Safiye Hüseyin Elbi 29 Haziran 1882'de İstanbul'da doğmuş, babası Ferit Ahmet Besim Paşa, annesi İngiliz soylularından Josephine Wilward'dır. (Müslüman olduktan sonra Firdevs adını almıştır.)

Elbi'nin meslek aşkı Nightingale hayranlığı ile başlamıştır. 1954'te bir gazeteci ile yaptığı röportajda şöyle ifade eder:

“Büyükbabam Miralay Şükrü Bey, Kırım Harbi sırasında Florence Nightingale’i Kırım’a götüren geminin süvarisiydi. Çocukluğum hep Florence Nightingale’in hikayeleri, efsaneleri ve hayatını dinleyerek geçti. Evimizde bu insanın resmi asılıydı. Bu resmi seyrederken içimde hep böyle bir kadın olmak arzusunu duyardım. Balkan Harbi’nde memlekette hastabakıcı yoktu. İngiltere buraya sağlık ekibi göndermiş, heyet şimdiki Arkeoloji Müzesi olan yere yerleşmişti. Ebüzziya Tevfik Bey, babamın çok iyi arkadaşıydı. Babama İngilizce bilen hastabakıcı aradıklarını söylüyordu. Bunu duyunca kardeşim ve ben müracaat ettik. Babam da kocam da hiç itiraz etmediler, üstelik bizi teşvik ettiler. Ben artık evimi, çocuklarımı unuttum, hastalara daldım…” 

 Elbi, böylelikle hemşireliğe ilk adımını atar. Özellikle savaş yaralılarının tedavisine ayrılan bu hastanede Elbi, petrol lambalarıyla, fenerleriyle gece geç saatlere kadar aylarca dinlenmeden yorucu tempoda çalıştığını dile getirmiştir. Elbi, geçici hastanelerin kapatılmasının ardından pratik hemşirelik bilgisini geliştirmek için anatomi kitapları okumaya başlar. Daha sonra aile dostları olan Besim Ömer Paşa’nın (Akalın) 1913-1914 yıllarında Üniversite konferans salonunda düzenlediği hemşirelik kurslarına devam eder.

  Safiye Elbi Çanakkale’de bulunan askerlerimizin haline dayanamayarak aldığı sorumluluk bilinciyle Çanakkale’ye gitmek için önce ailesiyle, sonra da Besim Ömer Paşa ile görüşür. Görüşmede vaziyetin önemini şu mukaddes sözlerle ifade eder:

“Ömer Paşam, hakkımdaki düşünceleriniz için teşekkür ederim. Ancak ben kararlıyım. Ne pahasına olursa olsun Çanakkale’ye gideceğim. Bakın, gönüllüler hatta lise öğrencileri bir bir Çanakkale’ye gitmek için sırada beklerken, ben kalamam. Ben resmi vazifeden çok bir gönüllü olarak gitmek düşüncesindeyim. Tehlike ne denli büyük olursa olsun. Artık kendi canımızı, hayatımızı düşünmek zamanı değildir. Siz de iyi biliniz ki, korkum yoktur. Bunca yaralıyı alıp getirmek gibi büyük bir vazifede yer almazsam asıl o zaman üzüleceğimi ifade etmek istedim. Ben gelincikler gibi, göz göz al güller gibi yarası olan nice yiğitlerimizin yarasını sarmak, merhem sürmek, gibi bir ulvi görevi yerine getirme mutluluğu içinde olacağım diye seviniyorum. Her iyileştirdiğim yara, her sardığım yara benim için küçük bir madalya olacaktır… Bu hizmete koşarken hiçbir ödül beklemediğimi açık ve kesin bir dille ifade etmek isterim.”

Ek Bilgi: Balkan Savaşları sırasında Gelibolu Hilâl-i Ahmer Hastanesi’nde 6, Çanakkale Hilâl-i Ahmer Hastanesi’nde 8, Gelibolu Seyyar Hilâl-i Ahmer Hastanesi’nde 7, Çanakkale ve Gelibolu’da görevli Cambridge Hilâl-i Ahmer Vapuru’nda 15, Çanakkale Hint Hilâl-i Ahmer Cemiyeti Hastanesi’nde 12 hastabakıcı görev yapıyordu. Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nda hastanelerde görev yapan hastabakıcı sayısı ve hastanelerin yazılı olduğu bir listede ise toplam 284 hastabakıcının çalıştığı belirtilmektedir. Aynı tarihlerde Almanya’da 67 bin 34’ü kadın, toplam 178 bin 53 hastabakıcı hizmet vermekteydi. Macaristan’da ise Balkan Savaşı ve I. Dünya Savaşı sırasında 12 bin gönüllü hastabakıcı yetiştirildiği kaynaklarda belirtilmektedir. Diğer Avrupa ülkelerinde de hemşire sayısı yeterli durumdaydı. Diğer ülkelerle kıyaslandığında ülkemizdeki bu sayı, savaş ortamında bir ülkenin ihtiyacını karşılamaktan oldukça uzak görünmekte, yaşanan hemşire ve hasta bakımı sıkıntısını göstermektedir. 

 Çanakkale Savaşları’nı Safiye Hüseyin şöyle anlatmıştı:

“Evet savaşa da iştirak ettim Çanakkale’de uzun müddet kaldım. Çanakkale’de savaş başladığında Alman Salibiahmer (Alman Kızılhaçı) ile bizim Hilal-i Ahmer Cemiyeti birleşmiş, Reşit Paşa vapurunu hastane gemisi yapmıştık. Ben bu geminin hasta bakıcısı olmuştum. Reşit Paşa Çanakkale’ye gidecek, orada yaralıları tedavi edecek, yarası ağır olanları alıp İstanbul’a getirecekti.….Vaziyet tehlikeli dediler… Ne vapuru olursa olsun… İster hastane vapuru ister Kızılay ister Salibiahmer, İngilizler esir tutuyorlar. Ben aldırış etmedim. Zaten umumi harp başladığı zaman ben hastabakıcılık için gönüllü yazılmıştım. Gönüllü olarak gidiyordum… Peşinen şunu söyleyeyim ki hayatımda hiçbir zaman ölümden korkmuş değilim. Reşit Paşa’ya bindik. Çanakkale’ye geldik, Akbaş Mevkii’nde demirledik. Hastaları, yaralıları toplamaya başladık. Ne yaralılar, ne yaralılar. Şu parmakları görüyor musunuz? Ben bu parmaklarımla kaç delikanlının gözlerini bir daha açılmamak üzere kapattım. Kaç delikanlının…”

“Yaralıları aldık, dönüyorduk… Birdenbire tepemizde bir uçak belirdi, güverteye çıktık. Süvari müthiş bir haber verdi:- İngiliz uçağı… Mamafih zerre kadar korkmuyorduk. Reşit Paşa gemisinin bir tarafında kızıl bir ay, bir tarafına da kızıl bir salip (haç) vardı. Belli ki hastane vapuru… İçimizden “dünyada bize ateş edemezler” diyorduk. Uçaktan kırmızı bir ışık yükseldi, ve üstümüze dehşetli gürlemeler oldu… Yine bir gün yaralıları aldık dönüyorduk. Etrafımızda müthiş gürlemeler oldu dehşetli gülle yağmurunun altında kaldık. Reşit Paşa’nın sağına soluna gülleler yağıyordu, o zaman anladık ki bize ateş ediyorlar. Attıkları gülle bize o derece yakın düşüyordu ki tasavvur edemezsiniz. Yaralı gaziler vapurlara taşınırken… Fakat bütün bu tehlikelere rağmen korkmak için vaktimiz olmadı. Çünkü hastalar bizi bekliyorlardı. Ameliyat edecek, yaraları sarılacak yüzlerce hasta vardı. Bunlardan biz kendimiz için korkacak vakit bulamıyorduk. Bundan sonra düşman adet edinmişti. Ne zaman Reşit Paşa vapurunu görseler tepemize İngiliz işaretli bir tayyare dikiliyor, düşman topçusuna bizim bulunduğumuz yeri işaret ediyor. Bundan sonra o dehşetli gülle yağmuru başlıyordu. Her defasında ölüm tehlikesi geçiriyorduk. Hele bir keresinde müthiş bir bombardımana tutulmuştuk. İstanbul’a “Reşit Paşa vapuru battı” diye haberler gitmiş. İstanbul’a döndük ki, herkes vapur batmış zannediyordu. Akrabam matem içinde, İstanbul’a adeta ahretten döner gibi döndüm. Hayatımda işte böyle bir ahretten döner gibi döndüm. Hayatımda işte böyle bir ahretten dönüş faslı vardır.”

Bekir Çavuş: Kumandanım emrinizi yapamadım!

”Reşit Paşa vapuruna bir gün Bekir Çavuş isminde bir ağır yaralı getirdik. Onun cephenin ön saflarında bulmuştuk. Bir ayağı kangren olmuştu. Hemen Reşit Paşa vapurunda ameliyat masasına yatırdık. Ayağını kestik. Bir tek ayağı ile kalmıştı ama vaziyeti çok tehlikeli idi. Kangren çok ilerlemişti. Aynı zamanda pek fazla kan kaybetmişti. Adeta ölmesini bekliyorduk. O gece sabaha karşı kamaramın kapısı hızlı hızlı vuruldu. Kalktım dışarıda bir ses: Çanakkale Menzil Hastanesi’ndeki Türk yarılaları…— Başhemşire… Başhemşire… diye bağırıyordu….Hemen giyinip fırladım, genç bir Alman hastabakıcısı:— Hani ayağını kestiğimiz yaralı yok mu?— Bekir Çavuş mu?— Evet.— Ne oldu peki?— Kendisine bir hal geldi hemşire, tek bacağıyla ayağa kalktı. Odanın içinde dolaşmak istiyor. Hemen koştum. Bekir Çavuş yaralarından kanlar aka aka ayağa kalkmıştı. Yanına koştum. Bileğinden tuttum, müthiş ateşi vardı.— Aman Bekir Çavuş dedim, Ne yapıyorsun? Bu hal ile ayağa kalkılır mı? Bekir Çavuş kendini kaybetmiş bir halde idi.— Aman dedi, Ne diyorsun? Emir geldi, emri yerine getirmek lazım.. Tabii kalkacağım. Ve sabaha karşı Bekir Çavuş kollarımız arasında dünyaya gözlerini büsbütün kapadı. Bu adamcağız son dakikasına kadar kumandanın emrini, kendisine verilen vatan vazifesini yapmaktan başka bir şey düşünmüyordu. Son dakikasında bile ne annesini ne sevdiğini düşünüyordu. Kansız beyaz dudaklarından çıkan en son cümle:— Emri yapamadım, oldu. Fakat ben ona kani idim ki Bekir Çavuş vazifesini son derece yapmıştı.”

 Safiye Hüseyin Elbi, savaş sonrasında iyi seviyede yabancı dil bilgisi sayesinde meslek gelişimi için birçok yayını Türkçeye kazandırmıştır. Kendisi Mesleki Nitelik Kodlarını o zamanlar belirlemiş ve bu özellikleri barındıran bir lider olmuştur. İlk hemşirelik okulu olan ‘Kızılay Hemşirelik Okulu’nun da kurucuları arasında yer alan Elbi, ayrıca Yeşilay Cemiyeti’nin ilk üyesi ve Türk Kadınlar Derneği’nin kurucularındandır. 1921’den beri her yıl verilen Florance Nigthingale Madalyası’nı kazanan ilk ve tek Türk kadın olan Safiye Hüseyin Elbi, yurt dışından da hizmetleri için çeşitli madalyalar aldı.  23 Ağustos1933 yılında kurulan, şu anki adıyla Türk Hemşireler Derneği olan Türk Hasta Bakıcılar Cemiyeti’nin de kurucu üyeleri arasında yer almıştır.

Ömrünü hemşirelik mesleğini geliştirmeye adayan Elbi, tedavi gördüğü Gureba Hastenesi’nde 8 Temmuz 1964’de vefat etmiştir ve Zincirlikuyu Mezarlığına defnedilmiştir.  

Kaynak

A. Yurttakal – Çanakkale Savaşlarında Safiye Hüseyin 28 Ocak 2007
Ş. Yılmaz Gönen-N. Y. Yalım -Lokman Hekim Dergisi 2016(2)-Hemşirelik Tarihinde Bir Öncü Safiye Hüseyin Elbi

Fatma Utkan-Hemşire

Etiketler
hemşire
Hemşireler Günü
Safiye Hüseyin ELBİ

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