
Türk Yoğun Bakım Hemşireleri Derneği tarafından yayımlanan rapor şöyle:
Türk Yoğun Bakım Hemşireleri Derneği Güncel Durum Raporu
Yoğun bakım üniteleri, kritik
hastaların bakıldığı, karmaşık yüksek teknolojiler ile
donatılmış, insan gücü profili ve profesyonel kapasitesi
açısından farklı ve çok özel birimlerdir.
Burada yatan hastalar; pek çoğu
yatağa bağımlı, solunum, kalp ve böbrek desteği sağlanmak
üzere çeşitli makinelere bağlı, monitör dediğimiz bir cihaz
ile solunum, kalp ritmi, tansiyon, oksijen açısından çok yakından
izleniyorlar ve bu izlem sürekli kesintisiz bir şekilde 7/24 hasta
başında olan yoğun bakım hemşireleri ve hekimleri tarafından
yapılıyor.
COVID-19 hepimizin öğrendiği biçimde akciğerlere yerleşen ve solunum sıkıntısına yol açan bir hastalık, bu hastalar yoğun bakım ünitesine öncelikle solunum cihazına ihtiyaç duydukları için geliyorlar, ancak bu sırada hızlı biçimde çoklu organ yetmezliğine girebiliyorlar.
İşte tam da bu noktada yoğun bakım
hemşirelerinin rolü çok önemli, solunum cihazı uygulamasının
hastadaki sonuçlarını izlemek, hastanın güvenliğini sağlamak,
sekresyonları aspire etmek, hastayı yüzüstü dediğimiz
pozisyonda tutmak, erken sepsis bulgularını farketmek, bu sırada
hastanın hekim tarafından önerilen ilaçlarını uygulamak,
beslenmesini, hijyenini sağlamak, yakınlarına destek olmak, olası
sorunları önceden farketmek ve hekime iletmekle yükümlüler.
Tüm bu süreçte, yoğun bakım hemşiresinin, COVID (+) ya da şüpheli (+) olan bireylere en uzak mesafesi 10 cm olabiliyor. Tüm ekip üyelerinin bir nebze olsun, hastadan uzak kalma opsiyonu olabiliyorken, yoğun bakım hemşiresinin hasta odasından çıkması veya uzak durması mümkün değildir.
Hemşireler tüm bu girişimleri en az 2 hastaya bazen 3-4 hastaya uygulamak durumunda kalabilirler. Ancak literatürde önerilen bir COVID (+) olan hastaya 1 yoğun bakım hemşiresinin bakması yönündedir.
Güncel durumda önerilerimiz;
1- Yoğun bakım ünitelerinde tüm bakım girişimleri sadece ve yalnız hemşireler tarafından gerçekleştirilmektedir. Bu nedenle bilim kurulunda ve il pandemi kurulunda hemşirelik temsilcisi yer almalıdır.
2- Hiç bir şekilde koruyucu ekipman konusunda sorun yaşanmamalıdır. Biz bu konuda alandan, iki türlü duyum alıyoruz:
1- Malzeme sıkıntısı olmadığını bildiren arkadaşlarımız var
2- Bazı yerlerde sıkıntı yaşandığına dair ciddi sıkıntılar yaşayan arkadaşlarımız var. Tüm dünya bu sıkıntıyı yaşıyor farkındayız. En gelişmiş ülkeler bile. Ancak bizde kısa vadede karşılanabilir gibi görünse de uzun vadede bu sorunları çözmeye yönelik yaklaşım ve üretim planlarına ihtiyaç vardır. Olumlu gelişmeler var duyuyoruz ancak bu ihtiyaç artacak görünüyor, bu konuda endişeliyiz. Eğer hemşireler hastalanırlarsa insan gücü kaybediyor olacağız ya da onlar da taşıyıcı hale dönüşebilecekler.
3- Yetkin yoğun bakım hemşirelerinin pratik olarak ortalama 5 yılda yetiştiğini, Türkiye olarak bu kriz öncesi yoğun bakım hemşiresinin sınırlı sayıda olduğunu da biliyoruz. Şu anki kriz döneminde sahip olduğumuz yoğun bakım hemşiresi sayısının yetmeyeceğinin farkındayız. Ayrıca, meslektaşlarımızın çok yakın temaslı çalışmaları nedeniyle, hastalanmaları durumunda alandan uzak kalacaklarını da var sayıyoruz. Mevcut kadroyu desteklemek üzere 11.000 yeni hemşire ataması önümüzdeki günlerde gerçekleşecektir. Sağlık Bakanlığı tarafından yeni atanacağı bildirilen hemşirelerin yoğun bakım ünitelerinde istihdamı, hasta ve çalışanların güvenliğini ciddi şekilde tehdit edebileceği için pandemi döneminde yoğun bakımda istihdam edilmemelerini öneriyoruz
4- Rehberlik/mentörlük yöntemi kullanılarak deneyimli yoğun bakım hemşirelerinin hastanelerin diğer alanlarından görevlendirilecek hemşireler ile eşleştirilerek yoğun bakımda çalışmaya başlanması, bakımını tecrübeli yoğun bakım hemşiresinin sorumluluğunda yürütmesini öneriyoruz 5- Literatürde, hemşirelerin günde maksimum 12 saat çalışmaları önerilmektedir. Yaşamı tehdit altındaki bireylerin bakım ve tedavileri için anlık ve kritik kararların alındığı yoğun bakım ünitelerinde günde 24 saatlik çalışma süresi hem çalışan hem de hasta güvenliği olumsuz ve ciddi şekilde etkileyebilir. Kesinlikle COVID pozitif hasta bakılan ünitelerde 24 saatlik vardiyalar uygulanmamalıdır. Görevlendirmeler ile yeterli sayıya ulaşılarak, zorunlu mesailere son verilmelidir. Haftalık çalışma saati 48 saati geçmemelidir.
6- Covid-19’a bağlı olarak etkilenen hemşire sayısının açıklanması gerekmektedir. Strateji geliştirmek adına alandaki kişi kaybını bilmek önemlidir.
7- Test sonuçlarının, klinik ve radyolojik olarak Covid-19 tanısı alan hastalar da dahil olmak üzere, aynı gün şeffaf bir şekilde ekip üyeleri ile paylaşılmalıdır.
8- Covid-19 Temas / şüphesi olan hemşirelerin testleri hızla yapılmalıdır.
9- Çalışanların sağlıklı beslenme koşulları, barınma ihtiyacı olanlar için güvenli ortamlar ve hatta çocuk sahibi hemşirelerin çocuklarının bakımına ilişkin imkanlar sağlanmalıdır. İlerleyen günlerde hasta sayısının artması durumunda yoğun bakım alanında deneyimi olan ancak çalışmayan, ya da emekli olan veya alanda uzman akademisyenlerimizi de göreve çağırmak durumunda kalabiliriz, bu yönde bir çağrımız olabilir. Bu büyük mücadelede herkese sağlıklı kalması, tükenmelerini önleyecek şekilde enerjilerini kullanmasını daha yolumuzun uzun olabileceğini hatırlatmak isteriz
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