
Gülhane
Askeri Tıp akademisi yani GATA,
18 Mayıs 1898’de Berlin’de Osmanlı Devleti
Büyükelçiliği’nde yapılan anlaşma sonrasında Dr. Rieder, Mekâtib-i Tıbbiye-i
Şahane Müfettişi ve Seririyat-ı Dahiliye ve Hariciye Muallimi, Dr. Deycke de
onun yardımcısı olarak, 5 Haziran 1898 tarihinde İstanbul’daki görevine
başlamıştır. Dört ay süren yoğun bir çalışma sonucunda inşa edilen yeni hastane
“Gülhane Seririyat Hastanesi” adı ile Padişah II. Abdülhamit’in doğum günü olan
30 Aralık 1898 tarihinde törenle açılmıştır.
Birinci Dünya savaşı (1914-1918) yıllarında,
Gülhane bir harp hastanesi olarak görev yapmaya başlamış, özellikle
Çanakkale’den getirilen ağır hastaların bakımına tahsis edilmiştir. Gülhane
hocaları cephelere ve kıtalara dağılmıştır.
1923’te Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi Hükümeti
Gülhane’ye ait “Gülhane Tababet-i Askeriye Tatbikat Mektep ve Seririyatı
Talimatnamesi” adı ile bir talimatname hazırlamıştır. Bu talimatnamede:
Gülhane; Genel askeri tababetin uygulandığı bir klinik (seririyat), askeri
tababetin geliştirilmesi için bir okul, bilimsel incelemeler ve yayınlar için
bir tıp akademisi (Askeri Tıp Encümen-i Alisi) olarak, Milli Savunma
Bakanlığı’na bağlı, Tugay seviyesinde, Sağlık Dairesince seçilen bir asker
tabip Müdür-Baştabip yönetiminde bir kurum olarak tanımlanmıştır.
TSK’da askeri hastaneler; kapanmadan önce GATA
ve bağlı Haydarpaşa Eğitim ve araştırma Hastanesi, 35Askeri Hastane, 600 sağlık
merkezi ve sefer görev hastaneleri ile hizmet etmekteydi.
Ancak, 15 Temmuz darbe girişiminden sonra GATA ve
Askeri Hastaneleri kapatan hükümet,;bu sebeple askeri hekim(özellikle cerrah)
ve askeri tıbbi personel yetiştirilemediği gerekçesi ile verilen kanun hükmünde kararname ile acaba yeniden
GATA ve askeri hastaneler açılacak mı? Sorusunu gündeme getirdi. Hatta “hükümet
hatasını anladı” diye başlıklar atıldı. Bu konuda tahmin edilen askeri hekimlik
ve askeri sağlık personeli olanların
yine aynı çatı altında toplanacağı idi. Ancak Kanun Hükmünde Kararnane
yayınlandıktan sonra anlaşıldı ki bu KHK sadece kıtalarda çalışan hekimlerin de
Devlet Hastaneleri ve Üniversite Hastanelerinde çalışabilmelerinin önünü açmıştır.
Askeri hastaneler ve askeri hekimlik ihtiyaç görmezden
gelinemez ve kaçınılmazdır. Bir örnekte olduğu gibi; vatansever bir askeri
hekimimiz bomba basıncı ile oluşan iç organ yaralanmaları ve parçalanmalarını
sivil hekim tedavi edemez, cephede olamaz.. Orada olsaydım kim bilir kaç kişiyi
kurtarabilirdim diye düşünmek en acı şey olsa gerek..
Neden askeri hekimlik?
Peki neden askeri hekimler hekimlik eğitimi ile
birlikte askeri eğitim de almaktadırlar? Bu birlik ve beraberlik ruhu dışında,
cephede de muvazzaf görevde olanlar için
de rahatlık sağlayacaktır. Askeri doktor veya sağlık personeli timlerle
birlikte harekata katılabilir, gerekirse silahla mücadeleye de katılır. Savaşan
personel aynı zamanda sağlık personelini korumak zorunda kalmaz. Askeri hekim
tek bir emirle hızla hareket edebilir,yurtiçi ve yurt dışı cephede
görevlendirilebilir. Askerin tedavi ve nakil işlemleri hızla gerçekleştirilir.
Çünkü askeri sağlık personeli düzenli olarak bunun eğitimini alır, tatbikatını
yapar..Ayrıca Deniz Kuvvetlerinde gemiler ve denizaltılarda mutlaka hekim ve
sağlık personeli bulunmalıdır. Uzun
süreli seyir ve sefer görev emrinde revirde görev yapmalılardır. Hava Kuvvetleri
için uçuş hekimliği ve Deniz Kuvvetleri için su altı hekimliği özel eğitim
gerektiren konulardır ve bugün bu eğitimler yapılamamaktadır. Halen GATA
Haydarpaşa, yeni adıyla Sultan Abdülhamit Eğitim hastanesindeki vurgun
hastalığının yegane tedavisi olan hiperbarik oksijen inaktif hale gelmiştir,
artık bu tedavi de özel merkezlerde yapılmaktadır.Yine Ankara GATA da bulunan
ve Türkiyenin tek yanık merkezi olan bölüm işlevsiz hale gelmiştir. Ankara’da
bulunan TSK ya ait Fizik Tedavi ve Rehablitasyon merkezi de öncelikle
gazilerimize hizmet vermekteydi, ve her aşamada son teknoloji takip
edilmekteydi, maalesef şu anda o da tamamen sivilleşmiştir. Her ne kadar
askerlik süresi kısalsa da yükümlülerin askerlik işlemleri, askeri personelin
yıllık muayene ve heyetleri de sivil hastaneler ve hekimlerce yapılmaktadır ve
bu konuda karar ve zaman açısından oldukça sık sorunlar yaşanmaktadır. Sivil
hekimler halen eski askeri hekimlerin bilgilerine başvurarak bu işlemleri
yapabilmektedir. GATA’ nın kapanması ile Harp Cerrahisi bilim dalı da
kapanmıştır, halbuki bulunduğumuz jeopolitik gereği genel cerrah, ortopedi,
beyin cerrahisi gibi branşların savaş yara
ve travmalarında özel eğitim almış olmaları çok çok önemlidir.
Kapatılan GATA da hekim dışında hemşire ve sağlık
astsubayı gibi teknisyen ve kalifiye eleman yetiştiren bölümler de bulunmakta
idi ve ordumuz için çok önem taşımaktaydı. Ancak bu gün bu özelleşmiş ve
branşlaşmış sağlık teknisyenleri konusunda da ciddi açık bulunmaktadır.
Bunların dışında askeri hastanelerin bir görevi de
daima savaşa hazırlık halinde boş yatak ve stok ilaç ve malzeme
bulundurmaktır.Sivil hastanelerde bu uygulanmamaktadır.Teknoloji açısından da
her zaman öncülük eden askeri hastanelerdeki zafiyet sivile de yansımaktadır,
örneğin GATA Haydarpaşa Eğitim hastanesinde yıllarca başarılı olarak tedavilerimizde
kullandığımız plazmaferez artık İstanbul bölgesinde yapılamamakta ve
asker-sivil tüm hastalar Ankara’ya gönderilmektedir.
Tüm bu yu karıdaki
konuları sıraladığımızda ve ülkemizin yaşadığı kritik süreç içinde
askeri hastanelerin açılması elzem gözükmektedir
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