Sigara esrardan daha mı zararlı?

Sigara ve tütün ürünleri ile gelişen bağımlılık, en şiddetli bağımlılıklardan biridir. Tütünde bağımlılık yapan madde nikotindir. Sigara daha çok alışkanlık yapıcı, daha az zevk verici bir bağımlılık türü olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bağımlılık şiddeti alkol ve eroin kadar yüksektir. Sigara kullanımı genellikle genç yaşlarda başlar. Sigaraya başlama yaşı düştükçe bağımlılık gelişme olasılığı artmakta ve bağımlılık çok daha hızla gelişmektedir. Sigara bağımlılarının %40’ı sigaraya 15-19 yaşları arasında başlamaktadır. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü sigarayı dünyanın en hızlı yayılan ve en uzun süren salgını olarak görmektedir. Sigara tüketimi gelişmiş ülkelerde azalırken, gelişmekte olan ülkelerde artmaktadır.

Dünyada her yıl 5 milyon kişinin sigara nedeniyle hayatını kaybettiği tahmin edilmektedir. Sadece sigara içenler için değil, sigara içilen ortamda bulunan, dumanı soluyan kişiler için de önemli bir hastalanma ve ölüm sebebidir. En önemli önlenebilir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Çocuklar sigaranın sağlığa zararlı olduğunu öğrenerek büyürler. “Sigara sağlığa zararlıdır” içi boş bir slogan olmamalıdır. Sigaranın içinde 4.000’den fazla kimyasal madde bulunur. Katran, karbonmonoksit gibi vücuda ciddi zararlar verir. Katran akciğerlere zarar verir. Karbonmonoksit damarları etkiler, pıhtılaşma ve kalp krizi geçirilmesi gibi sonuçlardan sorumludur. Başta akciğer kanseri olmak üzere lösemi, dudak, ağız, dil, gırtlak, yemek borusu, pankreas, böbrek ve mesane kanserlerine, kronik bronşit ve amfizeme yol açan etmenlerin en önemlilerinden biridir. En önemli zararı bağımlılık yapmasıdır.

Sigaraya ergenlik döneminde özenme, gösteriş, taklit, büyüme, başkaldırı ve özgürlüğün ifadesi olarak başlanabilir. Kısa bir süre öncesine kadar çocuklar sigara reklamları ile büyüyorlardı. Sigara markaları maceracılık, gözü peklik, özgürlük gibi temalarla özdeşleşiyor ve büyümekte olan çocuğun o reklamdaki gibi bir “büyük” olma arzusunu hiç farkında olmadan bilinçdışına işliyordu. Bir yandan sigara kullanımı özendirilirken, diğer yanda sigaranın “sağlığa zararlı” olduğunu söylemek ciddi bir iki yüzlülüktü.

Sigara karşıtı duruş ise sigara kullanım oranlarında ciddi bir düşme sağlar. Sigara kullanımının özendirilmemesi, sigara içilmesini onaylamama dahi sigara tüketimini azaltmaktadır. Sigara içmeyen ve sigara içmediği için kendi ile gurur duyan kişi sayısını artırmak önemlidir. Sigara ile ilişkili büyümenin kanıtı, özgürlük, başkaldırı gibi kanaatleri değiştirmek, sigara içmemenin tercih edilen, özenilen durum olmasını sağlamak hedeflenmelidir. Her iki durum da sigara kullanımına ilişkin kişilerde oluşmuş olan algılardır. Geçmişte sigaranın daha çok tüketilmesi için yaratılmış algının değişmeye başladığını görmek sevindiricidir. Ancak algıda gerçekleşmiş olan değişimin yeterli olmadığı açıktır. Son zamanlarda “sigaranın esrardan daha zararlı olduğu” algısı yaratılmaya, öneri olarak esrarın da serbest bırakılması gündeme gelmeye başlamaktadır. Sigaranın zararlı bir madde olduğu, her yıl milyonlarca kişinin ölümünden sorumlu olduğu su götürmez bir gerçekliktir. Sigara kullanımının nasıl “özgürlük, maceracılık” gibi algılarla yaygınlaştığını hatırlayacak olursak, şimdi de aynı algı çalışmasının esrar etrafında yapıldığına dikkat etmeliyiz. Sigaranın zararlı olması, esrarın zararlarını azaltmaz. Sigara kullanımını önlemeye çalıştığımız gibi, esrar kullanımını da önlemek hedefimiz olmaya devam edecek.

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Sigara esrardan daha mı zararlı?

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